Professional Role, Ethics & EBM for the AANP FNP exam

Topics in this chapter

• Scope of Practice and Practice AuthorityFull, reduced, and restricted practice are set by state law, not your employer.
• Licensure vs. Certification vs. CredentialingThree words that sound alike but are tested as opposites.
• Ethical Principles, Informed Consent, and CapacityFour principles, plus what makes consent and capacity valid.
• HIPAA and Privacy BasicsSharing for treatment is fine; the violations are the curious coworker.
• Malpractice and Negligence: The Four ElementsThe four D's, all required, breach with no harm is not malpractice.
• Advance Directives, Mandatory Reporting, and ReimbursementLiving wills vs. proxies, reporting on suspicion, and CPT vs. ICD.
• Evidence-Based Medicine: Levels of EvidenceFrom systematic review down to case report, and why RCTs prove cause.
• Biostatistics and Epidemiology for the Test-TakerSnNOut, SpPIn, predictive values move with prevalence, NNT, and incidence vs. prevalence.
• Nursing Leadership and Management StylesSeven leadership styles, and which one grows people versus which one trades rewards for tasks.
• Quality Improvement and Patient Safety ConstructsPDSA cycles, root cause analysis, sentinel events, never events, and how risk management differs from QI.
• Research Ethics Landmarks: Belmont and the IRBTuskegee, the Belmont Report's three principles, the IRB, and protecting vulnerable populations.
• The Secondary Ethical PrinciplesBeyond the big four, the principles of truth-telling, promise-keeping, and dignity that exams test.
• Care-Delivery and Reimbursement ModelsHospice versus palliative, the medical home, managed care, telehealth, and the billing acronyms COBRA, CHIP, NPI, and incident-to.
• Deductive Versus Inductive ReasoningTop-down from the rule versus bottom-up from the observations, and how each maps to clinical thinking.
• Malpractice Insurance: Claims-Made, Occurrence, and Tail CoverageClaims-made follows the report date and dies without tail coverage; occurrence follows the incident date forever.
• DEA Schedules and Controlled-Substance Prescriptive AuthoritySchedule II = no refills, no phone-ins as routine; refill counts and e-prescribing rules climb as the schedule number rises.
• Medicare Versus Medicaid: Who QualifiesMedicare is age-65 or disability or ESRD and federal; Medicaid is income-based and jointly state-federal.
• The Phases of a Malpractice Lawsuit and the Expert WitnessPleadings, discovery, trial, then possible appeal; the expert witness sets the standard of care.
• Consent for Minors: Emancipation, Mature Minors, and Confidential ServicesParents usually consent for minors, but emancipated minors, the mature-minor doctrine, and confidential-service categories are the exceptions.
• The ANA Code of Ethics for NursesThe ANA Code of Ethics for Nurses with Interpretive Statements is nursing's foundational ethical framework.